CGM Online

 　　Graphite means that the molecular structure of carbon products is changed and arranged regularly by high temperature or other means. This molecular arrangement makes the molecular spacing of carbon wider, which is more conducive to decomposition and nucleation in molten iron or steel. The graphite carburizers on the market now generally come from two ways, one is the cutting of waste materials of graphite electrodes, and the other is the 3000 degree graphitization of petroleum coke. 　　There are many kinds of raw materials and production processes of carburizers. It is not said in the market that graphite powder is used for pressing molding. This production method needs to add too much binder for molding, and the carbon content generally cannot meet the requirements of high-quality carburizer. The pressed graphite powder is a solid block without a porous structure, so its absorption speed and absorption rate are not as good as those of calcined and calcined carbonaceous agents. High

 　　The same chemical composition uses different melting processes, different compositions and proportions, the metallurgical quality of molten iron is completely different, and good carburization effect is obtained. The electric furnace uses carbon enhancement technology, and the anthracite carburizer has three main effects on melting. 　　1、 The hot metal carbonization technology can increase the graphite crystal nucleus in the smelting process, especially in the electric furnace smelting process. The addition of cupola in the iron carbide smelting process can increase the long-term nucleation of graphite solution and reduce the oxidation of hot metal. 　　2、 Increasing carbon emissions is the best measure to prevent or reduce the shrinkage trend of enterprises. Due to the role of graphite in the solidification process of expanded molten iron, good graphitization tends to reduce the shrinkage of molten iron. 　　3、 Under the condition of high carbon content, in order to obtain high-strength

　　The graphite heater shall be inspected and managed in the early stage before use, otherwise, the graphite heater may explode during use. 　　The following should be done: 　　1. First of all, check whether the graphite heater has cracks in the early stage of work. If there are no cracks, put the graphite heater above liubaidu and dry it sufficiently; 　　2. There shall be no ponding around the furnace and in the pit in front of the furnace, and there shall not be too many irrelevant objects piled near the graphite heater; 　　3. Strictly check whether there are explosives in the charge, preheat and keep dry when adding charge, and add graphite heater slowly.

　　The mechanical strength of electrode paste includes compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength 　　The height of the electrode paste refers to the height from the upper end of the electrode clamp to the top end of the electrode paste. If the electrode paste is too high, the coarse and fine particles in the electrode paste are prone to delamination, or the electrode cylinder is expanded due to too high paste column pressure. If the electrode paste column is too low, it is difficult to obtain a dense electrode due to too low paste column pressure and poor filling. The electrode paste is consumed too fast. Proper height of electrode paste column is beneficial to improve the quality of electrode baking and reduce consumption. 　　The mechanical strength of the electrode paste includes compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength. The mechanical strength of carbon products is anisotropic, that is, the composition of raw material particles of carbon products i

 　　Expanded graphite is a product of deep processing of graphite. Expanded graphite can be used to produce packing rings, various types of gaskets, and can also be directly pasted on various metal surfaces to effectively solve gas-phase sealing. 　　Expanded graphite has good corrosion resistance, high and low temperature resistance, good compression resilience and high strength. Expanded graphite is very easy to adsorb oil, organic molecules and hydrophobic substances. After oil absorption, it floats on the water surface, which is easy to catch and recover. It can be reused and processed easily. 　　Expanded graphite gasket can be widely used for static sealing of pipeline, valve, pump, pressure vessel, tower, heat exchanger, condenser, etc. It has good expansibility, high temperature resistance, heat insulation, lubricity and chemical stability.

　　1. Ordinary calcined petroleum coke is a carburizer. Because it has not been calcined at high temperature, the calcination temperature may be low and the time may be short. The nitrogen content is generally about 1000ppm, and the sulfur content is also high. It is impossible to draw clear marks on white paper. 　　2. High temperature calcined petroleum coke carburizer, nitrogen content is 300-500ppm, sulfur is much lower than the former. Clear marks can be left on white paper. 　　3. The nitrogen content of coal carburizing agent varies according to the quality of coal, and is generally 2000-7000ppm, that is, 0.2-0.7%. 　　4. The best high-temperature calcined petroleum coke carburizer with nitrogen content of 100ppm. Sulfur is lower than the former. It can leave clear marks on white paper and feel comfortable, just like 6B pencil. 　　5. Graphite column particle carburizer is a kind of carburizer that uses graphite powder and binder to extrude into cylindrical particles. This kind of carbur

  　　Continuous automatic baking electrode is composed of   electrode paste   and iron shell. The electrode is consumed continuously when working in the carbide furnace, so it needs to be continuously discharged to supplement. When the electrode is lowered to the lower part of the conductive jaw plate, it is calcined at about 1000 ℃ to carbonize the   electrode paste . Because the electrode iron shell can continue to be welded without power failure in the electric furnace, the   electrode paste   is continuously added to the iron shell, and it is sintered in the carbide furnace, so it is called continuous automatic baking electrode. 　　Self burning electrodes are widely used in carbide furnaces and ferroalloy furnaces. The characteristic of this electrode is that the diameter can be expanded to 2 meters. It is very convenient and inexpensive to connect on the carbide furnace without screw joints. This creates favorable conditions for the development of  calcium carbide furnace  to large

  　　What is the sintering temperature range of the   electrode paste ? 　　The  electrode paste  height refers to the height from the upper end of the electrode clamp to the top of the  electrode paste . If the electrode paste is too high, the coarse and fine particles in the electrode paste are prone to delamination, or the electrode barrel is damaged due to the pressure of the paste column is too high. If the electrode paste column is too low, it is difficult to obtain a dense electrode due to the pressure of the paste column is too small and the filling property is poor. The electrode paste is consumed too quickly. The proper height of electrode paste column can improve the quality of electrode baking and reduce consumption. If the particle size is too large, the electrode paste suspension fault is easy to occur; If the particle size is too small, it is easy to cause paste spraying. 　　It is better to buy the finished electrode paste. If the material supplied by the manufacturer is qua

  　　With the continuous improvement of metallurgical technology, the application field of metallurgical products is expanding. At present, China’s basic industry is developing rapidly, especially the development of   electrode paste . 　　Electrode paste is a conductive material used for electric furnace equipment such as ferroalloy furnace and carbide furnace. It can withstand high temperature and has a small coefficient of thermal expansion. And has a relatively small resistance coefficient so that the loss of electric energy can be reduced. It has a small porosity so that the electrode in the heated state can be oxidized slowly. With high mechanical strength, the electrode will not be broken due to the influence of mechanical and electrical loads. 　　The current is input into the furnace through the electrode to generate an arc for smelting. The electrode plays a very important role in the whole electric furnace. Without it, the electric furnace cannot produce its role. To make the ele

  　　Electrode paste is a conductive material used for electric furnace equipment such as ferroalloy furnace and carbide furnace. It can withstand high temperature and has a small coefficient of thermal expansion. It has a relatively small resistance coefficient and can reduce the loss of electric energy. It has a small porosity and can slow the oxidation of the heated electrode. With high mechanical strength, the electrode will not be broken due to the influence of mechanical and electrical loads. Electrode paste is an important consumable conductive material for the production of calcium carbide and ferroalloy. It is a “self baking electrode” in terms of its use properties. At present, each ton of ferrosilicon containing 75% Si produced by the mine thermoelectric furnace consumes about 45kg of  electrode paste , and each ton of calcium carbide consumes about 30kg of  electrode paste . The main raw materials for producing electrodes are anthracite, metallurgical coke and coal and coal

  　　Many customers know that   electrode paste   is a conductive material for ferroalloy furnace,   calcium carbide furnace   and other electric furnace equipment after using   electrode paste . However, the specific relationship between current electrodes is explained below: 　　The  electrode paste  has high temperature resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient. It has a relatively small resistance coefficient and can reduce the loss of electric energy. It has a small porosity and can slow the oxidation of the heated electrode. With high mechanical strength, the electrode will not be broken due to the influence of mechanical and electrical loads. 　　The current is input into the furnace through the electrode to generate an arc for smelting. The electrode plays a very important role in the whole electric furnace. Without it, the electric furnace cannot play a role. In order to make the electrode work normally under the temperature generated by the arc, it needs to have high oxidat

  　　A common problem in the production of ferronickel alloy by   submerged arc furnace   is that the self baking electrode is sintered slowly, and the electrode sintering speed is far lower than the electrode consumption speed, resulting in the working end of the electrode being too short. After tapping, the electrode can not reach the full load power supply even at the lower limit. In order to make the electrode reach the normal consumption speed, various manufacturers have developed different kinds of   electrode paste s to improve the sintering speed of the electrode, but they have not fundamentally solved the problem of under burning of the electrode, and also increased the production cost. 　　Some manufacturers changed the power supply system on the premise that the transformer power was unchanged, and correspondingly increased the secondary voltage. The current intensity was reduced by 20% ~ 40%, and the current density was reduced by 1 ~ 2 A / cm2. This is also the fundamental ca

  　　Electrode paste is a conductive material used for electric furnace equipment such as ferroalloy furnace and carbide furnace. It can withstand high temperature and has a small coefficient of thermal expansion. It has a relatively small resistance coefficient and can reduce the loss of electric energy. It has a small porosity and can slow the oxidation of the heated electrode. With high mechanical strength, the electrode will not be broken due to the influence of mechanical and electrical loads. The   electrode paste   is suitable for large closed and open ferroalloy carbide furnaces. The required products can be prepared according to the furnace size. 　　The current is input into the furnace through the electrode to generate an arc for smelting. The electrode plays a very important role in the whole electric furnace. Without it, the electric furnace cannot play a role. In order to make the electrode work normally under the temperature generated by the arc, it needs to have high oxida

  　　Submerged arc furnace is also called electric arc furnace or resistance electric furnace. It is mainly used for reducing smelting ore, carbonaceous reductant, solvent and other raw materials. It mainly produces ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, ferrotungsten, silicon manganese alloy and other ferroalloys. It is an important industrial raw material in the metallurgical industry and chemical raw materials such as calcium carbide. Its working characteristics are that carbon or magnesium refractory materials are used as furnace lining and self-cultivation electrodes ( electrode paste  or sealed paste) are used. The electrode is inserted into the charge for submerged arc operation. It is an industrial electric furnace that uses the energy and current of the arc to pass through the charge and the energy generated by the resistance of the charge to smelt the metal. It is continuously fed and intermittently discharged with iron slag.

　　There are many coarse hypereutectic graphite in pig iron. This kind of coarse graphite is hereditary. The melting temperature is low, and the coarse graphite is not easy to be eliminated. The coarse graphite is inherited from the liquid to the solid cast iron structure. On the one hand, it reduces the mechanical properties that the cast iron can achieve. On the other hand, the existence of the coarse graphite weakens the expansion effect of graphitization precipitation that should have occurred in the solidification process, The shrinkage tendency of molten iron during solidification will be increased. In addition, the coarse graphite will easily fall off during subsequent processing, forming surface pits and affecting the surface finish of the casting. 　　And there are many impurity elements in pig iron. For example, a small amount of ti.p.v, B, etc. will have a negative impact on the casting and deteriorate the matrix structure and graphite morphology. Therefore, during electric fur

 　　In short, coal carburizing agent is an additive used for reducing and carburizing in the process of steel smelting, and is often used in the process of steel casting. In the face of different smelting processes, the ways of adding coal carburizing agent are also different. 　　Can be added to the middle and lower part of the electric furnace according to the proportion or carbon equivalent requirements, and the recovery rate can reach more than 95%. If the carbon content is insufficient to adjust the carbon content, the slag in the furnace shall be cleaned first, and then the carburizing agent shall be added; If low temperature is used 　　Graphite powder is used as carburizing agent. Nitrogen is generally used as the carrier for carbon addition of jet graphite powder, but it is more convenient to use compressed air under industrial production conditions. The chemical reaction heat of the carbon oxide produced by the combustion of oxygen in compressed air can compensate for part of the

　　The characteristics of carburizing agent are that pure carbon containing graphitization material is selected to reduce excessive impurities in pig iron, and proper selection of carburizing agent can reduce the production cost of castings. There are many kinds of raw materials and production processes of carburizing agent. It is not said in the market that graphite powder is pressed and formed. This production method needs to add too much binder to form, and the carbon content generally cannot meet the requirements of high-quality carburizing agent. The pressed graphite powder is a solid block without a porous structure, so the absorption rate and absorption rate are not as good as those of calcined and calcined carburizers. 　　The use of carburizing agent in casting can greatly increase the amount of scrap steel, reduce the amount of pig iron or not use pig iron. At present, most of the carburizers are suitable for electric furnace smelting, and a small number of carburizers with part

 　　Because of its high carbon and low sulfur, the carburizing agent can be fully absorbed without slag inversion, reducing the cost of spheroidization and slag removal, shortening the melting cycle, and saving energy consumption. It not only meets your requirements for carbon content, but also effectively controls the amount of sulfur element, so that most of the microscopic forms of carbon element in the casting appear as A-type graphite, obtaining fine and uniform graphite, promoting the spheroidization process and effectively improving the production of iron graphite system. 　　So many advantages of using carburizing agent make more and more manufacturers buy it. When the carbon content is insufficient to adjust the carbon content, the slag in the furnace is cleaned first, and then the carburizing agent is added. The carbon is dissolved and absorbed by heating the molten iron, electromagnetic stirring or manual stirring, and the recovery rate can be about 90%. If the low-temperature

　　The slag remover is a kind of volcanic ash from the pre geological period, which is a naturally produced expanded material due to geological changes. Due to its high expansion property, it has a strong ability to clean the scum in steel and molten iron, thicken and increase the viscosity of the slag, easily collect and scrape the scum in steel and molten iron, purify the molten iron and steel, and generally can be used for scraping the slag in the furnace and ladle. 　　It is precisely because the slag remover has the advantages of low dosage, strong slag gathering ability, easy to pick up slag and does not affect the composition of molten iron, and convenient operation. Therefore, the use of slag remover is to reduce the content of macro and micro slag and other inclusions in the casting, improve the quality and processing performance of the casting, purify the molten metal, make it play the role of inoculation to the maximum, simplify the design of the gating system, improve the proc

 　　The crystal structure of C in the carburizing agent can be divided into amorphous structure and crystal structure. According to the morphology of C in the carburizing agent, it can be divided into graphite carburizing agent and non graphite carburizing agent. Graphite carburizers generally include non graphite carburizers that break the atomic structure of the original carburizers at high temperature and then rearrange the atomic covalent bonds. The graphitized carburizers form a layered hexagonal crystal structure. 　　Moreover, C in the carburizing agent is mainly dissolved in the molten iron through dissolution and diffusion. The graphite in the graphite carburizing agent can be directly dissolved in the molten iron, while the direct melting phenomenon of the non graphite carburizing agent basically does not exist. As time goes on, C gradually diffuses and dissolves in the molten iron. The dissolution of C in molten iron is controlled by the mass transfer of C in the liquid boundar